PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.